4. England
The British monarchy has its beginning with the Saxon reigns.
The first king to establish a stable control over England was Egbert of Wessex, or Egbert of the Saxons, who ruled between 802 and 839, and in that period conquered territories and expanded his power.
After him, different kings succeeded in the power of the territories that make up England today until the beginning of the 18th century - it was when England and Scotland united in the so-called Kingdom of Great Britain.
It was in Queen Anne's 12-year reign that this unification took place, making it the first queen of Britain in history. It was also during the period in which Anne wore the royal crown between 1702 and 1714 that a bipartisan system developed in which only two parties succeeded in power, which is still in force in British politics.
Despite having become pregnant at least 17 times, none of her children survived into adulthood, which led to the end of her lineage (the House of Stuart) to the Act of Establishment of 1701, a decree that guaranteed the Protestant succession of the English throne, and the peaceful transition of power to the House of Hanover.
The English monarchy is a parliamentarian and the current Queen Elizabeth has no decision-making powers in practice.
In her 93 years recently completed, Elizabeth uses the crown from June of 1953, when its father, the king George 6º died.
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